Heel spurs are abnormal bony growths on the heel. They may be associated with symptoms such as sharp, stabbing pain in the heel and localized swelling, warmth, and redness.

Heel spurs are caused by a build up of extra bone in the area where ligaments and tendons connect to the heel bone. They can result from excess pressure on the heel bone and increased stress on the muscles, ligaments, and tendons in the foot. Plantar fasciitis, inflammation of the ligament that connects the heel to the toes, is a common cause of heel spurs.

Treatment of heel spurs is typically done by an orthopedist and may include orthotics (insoles), physical therapy, and, in more serious cases, surgery to remove the heel spur.

Common symptoms

Heel spurs themselves are often asymptomatic, however they may present with symptoms related to the conditions that cause them, such as:

Chronic heel pain;
Sharp or stabbing pain in the heel;
Pain that is worse with walking, running, or jumping but goes away further into the activity;
Pain that is worse in the morning or after sitting for a long time;
Redness or swelling of the heel;
Warmth of the heel area;
Feeling a small bump on the heel;
Increased sensitivity on the lower part of the heel.

It is important to consult your doctor or healthcare provider if you have any symptoms of a heel spur so that a diagnosis can be confirmed and treatment can be started.

Confirming a diagnosis

A heel spur is usually diagnosed by an orthopedist or other healthcare professional based on patient symptoms and a physical exam. You may be asked about your medical history and lifestyle habits, including whether you work out or play sports.

X-ray may be used to confirm the diagnosis, revealing a small bony growth on the heel. The doctor may also order other tests to rule out other possible conditions that could cause heel pain. Learn more about common causes of heel pain.

Possible causes

Heel spurs are small bony growths formed by an accumulation of calcium deposits where ligaments and tendons attach to the heel bone.

Risk factors for heel spurs include:

Running or jumping on hard surfaces, such as running on asphalt or doing gymnastics;
Wearing sneakers or shoes that do not fit properly or have very little cushioning;
Abnormal gait (walking pattern);
Flat feet;
High arches;
Shortening of the plantar fascia;

In addition, conditions like overweight, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter syndrome, and contusions (bruising) or trauma to the heel can also result in the formation of heel spurs.

Treatment options

Treatments for heel spurs include:

Rest, helps to relieve/prevent pain by reducing pressure on the heel;
Cold compresses, applied to the heel for 10 to 15 minutes, 3 times a day, can help to reduce pain and swelling;
Orthopedic insoles or heel protectors, can help relieve pain by reducing pressure on the heel;
Anti-inflammatories, like ibuprofen and aspirin, may be used to reduce pain and inflammation in consultation with your doctor;
Corticosteroid injections given by an orthopedist directly into the heel can combat inflammation and provide rapid relief of symptoms;
Physical therapy involving stretching exercises or techniques such as postural reeducation.

Your doctor may also recommend surgery to remove the heel spur if your symptoms are not relieved by more conservative treatments.

Care instructions

Other tips for management of a heel spur and associated conditions include:

Performing foot care before bed: wash your feet, apply a hydrating foot cream, and massage the soles of the feet, spending more time on areas that are more painful;
Rolling a tennis ball under your foot (especially under the heel): this can be done either sitting or standing and can provide significant relief in the moment;
Losing weight: for people with overweight or obesity, following a healthy diet and exercise plan for weight loss can help relieve stress on the feet;
Wearing comfortable shoes: avoid slippers, flat sandals, and high heels;
Trying home remedies: such as soaking your feet in warm water with Epsom salts or trying an avocado pit tincture.

Incorporating a daily stretching routine involving your feet and legs is also important.