A testicular hernia refers to an inguinal hernia that occurs in the scrotum. It is caused by weakening of the abdominal muscles, which leads to intestinal issue protruding through abdominal muscles. This protrusion is felt as a small lump in the testicles.

This type of hernia can be seen in babies due to genetic factors or can develop due to overexertion, an enlarged prostate, heavy lifting.

A testicular diagnosis can be diagnosed by a general surgeon, family doctor or a urologist through a physical examination and imaging tests, like an ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment typically consists of surgical repair, and medication like analgesics and anti-inflammatories to relieve pain and discomfort.

Common symptoms

The main symptoms of a testicular hernia include:

A palpable lump in the groin area or scrotum
Pain or discomfort in the scrotum or groin when standing, carrying weight or bending over
Heaviness or pressure in the testicles when walking.

In babies, it is not always easy to identify the presence of a testicular hernia. It is often noticed when changing the diaper, where swelling in the scrotum can be seen. A testicular hernia can especially be suspected if the baby cries with diaper changes.

A testicular hernia that is left untreated treated can lead to intestinal strangulation, which reduces blood flow to the intestines. This can cause symptoms like vomiting, cramps, abdominal bloating and lack of bowel movements, and eventually tissue death. A testicular hernia can also lead to infertility, as it can affect how sperm is stored.

Confirming a diagnosis

A diagnosis is confirmed by a family doctor, general surgeon or urologist, who will first evaluate any presenting symptoms reported by the man. The doctor will then perform a physical examination of the scrotum and groin region to determine the location and size of the hernia.

The doctor will then request imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scan to visualize the hernia. These tests are also important to differentiate the testicular hernia from a hydrocele, which is an accumulation of fluid in the testicles.

Treatment options

Treatment for a testicular hernia is guided by a general surgeon and/or urologist and, in most cases, consists of surgical repair. This should be performed promptly, once a diagnosis is confirmed, to prevent complications such as infertility or intestinal strangulation.

Surgical repair of a hernia lasts about one hour and is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. Depending on the size of the hernia, local anesthesia may also be considered. In some cases, the doctor may additionally place mesh over the weakened abdominal muscle to prevent the hernia from appearing again.

To help manage post-op pain, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory or analgesic medications, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen as well as antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of infections. After surgery, it is important to avoid heavy lifting, sleeping on your backs, straining from bowel movements, driving or prolonged periods of sitting.

Possible causes

A testicular hernia occurs due to weakening of the muscles in the abdomen and inguinal canal, causing parts of the intestine or other contents of the abdomen to move through this canal and into the scrotum.

A testicular hernia can also occur as a result of genetic or congenital problems, with these hernias presenting at birth. The risk for these hernias becomes increased in men who smoke, are obese, have prostate problems or frequently lift heavy weights.