Vasomotor rhinitis, also known as non-allergic rhinitis, is a condition that is associated with inflammation of the membranes inside the nose. It leads to symptoms such as a runny nose, blocked nose and nasal itching.

This type of rhinitis can appear at any time of the year, which is what characterizes it from allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is more common during specific periods of the year, like the spring or summer,.

Although there is no specific cure for vasomotor rhinitis, symptoms can be relieved with medication prescribed by a doctor, like antihistamines or anti-inflammatories.

Main symptoms

The most common symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis are:

Stuffy nose
Constant runny nose
Feeling of phlegm in the throat
Itchy nose
Red eyes

These symptoms can last for several days or weeks. They can present similarly to allergic rhinitis, therefore the underlying cause may be more difficult to identify.

Confirming a diagnosis

Vasomotor rhinitis is usually diagnosed by an otolaryngologist through a complete examination of the nasal passage. This assessment will reveal swelling of the mucosa caused by the dilation of blood vessels.

The doctor may then also request an allergy skin test and a blood test to rule out the presence of an allergic reaction.

Possible causes

Vasomotor rhinitis occurs when the blood vessels in the nose dilate, leading to swelling and congestion of the tissues inside the nose.

Although the specific reason why blood vessels dilate is not yet known, some causes that may be the origin of rhinitis include:

Exposure to dry air;
Changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature;
Strong odors;
Spicy foods;
Chemical irritants such as ozone, pollution, perfumes and sprays;
Injuries to the nose;
Diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and asthma;
Alcoholism;
Side effects of medications;
Strong emotions.

Since vasomotor rhinitis is more common in women, it may also be caused by hormonal changes. This cause is more common in women, as they experience more hormonal fluctuations due to their menstrual cycle.

Treatment options

Vasomotor rhinitis has no specific cure, however, treatment can help reduce the intensity of symptoms and improve quality of life. Some of the most commonly used forms of treatment include:

1. Saline solutions

A good way to relieve the symptoms of rhinitis is by irrigating and lubricating the nasal passages with saline solutions, which can be prepared at home or purchased at pharmacies.

2. Nasal decongestants

Oral nasal decongestants, like pseudoephedrine, have a systemic effect, whereas topical formulations, like oxymetazoline and phenylephrine, are available as drops or nasal spray. These medications work by stimulating vasoconstriction and, consequently, reducing blood volume and blow flow in the area.

3. Topical corticosteroids

Spray corticosteroids are highly effective in reducing symptoms of rhinitis and have the advantage of not causing the same side effects as oral corticosteroids.

Som medications that can be used to treat rhinitis are beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, furoate or mometasone furoate.

When surgery is necessary

Surgery for vasomotor rhinitis is usually only indicated in very severe cases, when symptoms are caused by total blockage on one side of the nasal cavity. This can happen with a deviated septum, turbinate hypertrophy or the presence of nasal polyps. In these cases, treatment with medication may not provide relief, and surgery may be necessary to remove the blockage.